在1型糖尿病中消除自身抗原特异性B细胞用于克服免疫耐受的缺失
发布时间:2012-10-08 15:12:01浏览次数:3743次来源:吉林大学白求恩第二医院 上海市第六人民医院 摘自:Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):2037-44. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
1型糖尿病是由免疫介导的胰岛素产生细胞-胰岛β细胞的破坏引起的。T细胞直接介导了β细胞的破坏。然而临床试验也揭示了B细胞在1型糖尿病中的重要作用。对于新诊断的1型糖尿病患者,消除总的B细胞可以保持胰岛功能并且具有干扰胰岛素自身抗体形成的倾向。对于1型糖尿病的治疗,通过消除自身抗原特异性B细胞来替代总的B细胞的消除是令人瞩目的一个转变。为了识别在1型糖尿病中起关键作用的自身免疫性B细胞的特征,作者选择重链B细胞受体(BCR)的转基因(VH125Tg)小鼠来追踪B细胞多克隆谱系中与胰岛素结合的B细胞。在非自身免疫性VH125Tg/C57BL/6小鼠和WT/NOD自身免疫性小鼠的外周血中胰岛素特异性B细胞非常稀少,然而其在VH125Tg/NOD小鼠成熟β细胞中却占据了1%的比例。本研究以WT/NOD或 VH125Tg/NOD小鼠为研究对象,应用抗胰岛素单克隆抗体mAb123进行短期(100 mg,每周1次,连续3周)和长期(100mg,从3周龄起隔周1次直至疾病研究结束)的治疗,对照组则应用IgG1同型对照抗体进行治疗,通过获取骨髓及脾淋巴细胞等,并应用细胞分离培养以及流式细胞学进行分析,观察并探讨mAb123对1型糖尿病发病的影响。研究结果显示在VH125Tg/NOD小鼠中,抗胰岛素β细胞逃避转变为成熟多克隆形式的频率增加。在抗胰岛素B细胞中,自身抗原上调了CD86分子的表达,提示抗胰岛素B细胞保留了由BCR诱导的潜在的与T细胞交流的能力,但并无胰岛素自身抗体的分泌。在体内,给予抗胰岛素抗体mAb123选择性的消除了胰岛素反应性B细胞,并且预防了WT/NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的发生。出乎意料的是,尽管增加了BCR的敏感性但发育过程中的B细胞很少被消除。这些发现揭示了1型糖尿病中B细胞是如何逃脱免疫耐受的监视的。mAb123对1型糖尿病患病倾向的纠正作用也是通过消除B细胞的这一特性而实现的,这为寻求自身免疫性疾病的新疗法提供了理论依据。
Autoantigen-specific B-cell depletion overcomes failed immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes
Eliminating autoantigen-specific B cells is an attractive alternative to global B-cell depletion for autoimmune disease treatment. To identify the potential for targeting a key autoimmune B-cell specificity in type 1 diabetes, insulin-binding B cells were tracked within a polyclonal repertoire using heavy chain B-cell receptor (BCR) transgenic (VH125Tg) mice. Insulin-specific B cells are rare in the periphery of nonautoimmune VH125Tg/C57BL/6 mice and WT/NOD autoimmune mice, whereas they clearly populate 1% of mature B-cell subsets in VH125Tg/NOD mice. Autoantigen upregulates CD86 in anti-insulin B cells, suggesting they are competent to interact with T cells. Endogenous insulin occupies anti-insulin BCR beginning with antigen commitment in bone marrow parenchyma, as identified by a second anti-insulin monoclonal antibody. Administration of this monoclonal antibody selectively eliminates insulin-reactive B cells in vivo and prevents disease in WT/NOD mice. Unexpectedly, developing B cells are less amenable to depletion, despite increased BCR sensitivity. These findings exemplify how a critical type 1 diabetes B-cell specificity escapes immune tolerance checkpoints. Disease liability is corrected by eliminating this B-cell specificity, providing proof of concept for a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune disease.